This part of the land was once conjunct to Mainland Asia. During that long geological century - before humans - the land was covered in dense vegetation with enormous trees and huge prehistoric animals. An image of that period is best described by the museum of Sigri which exhibits elephant trails and towering sequoias.

The island had been inhabited by 4000 B.C approximately. The findings in Thermi which cover the period from the early copper age till 1200 B.C. are of great interest.

The Pelasgeans (dark-skinned) are reported as the first inhabitants of Lesvos. Sappho comes from a Pelasgean family and she is dark-skinned whereas her daughter, Kleis, is blond as Sappho's husband was a blond Achaean trader from the island of Andros. "Lesvos" is a Pelasgean word. The island is also called Pelasgia, Lasia (busky), Imerti (covetable). Lesvos, the hero, comes to the island and marries Mithymna, the daughter of King Makara.

In the Homeric epics, Lesvos is Makaria (felicitous). The Achaeans were engaged in peripheral businesses in the island of Lesvos, whereas Achilles got involved in a love affair with Pisidiki, the daughter of the King of Mithymna

During the centuries of great agitation and following the destruction of Troy, Lesvos was colonized mainly by the Aeolians (vehement) who originated from Central Greece. The island of Lesvos was evolving.

In the 7th century B.C. kingships were abolished and the regime was aristocratic. A distinguished figure of the time was Pittakos, one of the Seven Wise Men. It is a period of great cultural development. The great offer of Lesvos to the Greek culture consists of figures like Terpandros, Sappho, Alkaeos and Arion. Certainly the beauty contests are not excluded from the parvis of temples.

During the Classic Age, Lesvos, initially the Athenians' ally, gets involved in the tumult of the Peloponnesian war. In the game of power the Democrats and the Oligarchs give and go. During that period, Hellanikos is rendered as a very important chronicler and Theophrastus as the "father" of botany.

Lesvos was conquered by the Persians, liberated by the Macedonians, joined the Roman dominion and regardless of all the peripeteias that it went through, it still remains a very important island with certain beauty, wealth and culture.

The glorious theatre of Mytilene, with a capacity of approximately 10.000 spectators, was "duplicated" (copied and built) in Rome by Pompeius in 55 B.C.

The island of Lesvos deteriorates in the end of the Greek-Roman culture.

During the Byzantine centuries, Lesvos will never acquire the radiance of antiquity. Turbulent times followed, with destructions and invasions. The light of culture began to flicker, but Christianity marked the island in a remarkable way. Byzantium relinquished Lesvos to the Genovesians and in 1462 the Turks occupied it for good. Things do not fall into place until fifty years later when the island begins once again to evolve. Despite the regime's cruelty, the conditions are improving...temples and monasteries are being built and even before the Liberation from the Ottoman Occupation in 1912, the Greek civilization managed to establish a bond with its history. A new wave of "storms" burst with the Greek-Turkish war, the destructions in the Near East combined with the settlement of refugees and finally with the 2nd World War that ended in Lesvos in 1944.